DWI Cases and Minors
Laws Pertaining to Minors in Texas DWI Cases ("Zero Tolerance")
Effective September 1, 1997, drastic changes in the laws pertaining to minors were made by the Texas Legislature in response to the increased frequency of arrests involving minors and alcohol. This law is new and has not been subject to appellate review at this time. Until these new laws have been tested in the court system, they must be taken at face value and challenged on all levels. I have included the verbatim law as enacted by the Legislature and offered it here for your review and thought.
{All citations are taken from the Texas Alcoholic Beverage Code, Chapter 106.}
106.02. Purchase of Alcohol by a Minor
(a) A minor commits an offense if the minor purchases an alcoholic beverage. A minor does not commit an offense if the minor purchases an alcoholic beverage under the immediate supervision of a commissioned peace officer engaged in enforcing the provisions of this code.
(b) An offense under this section is punishable as provided by Section 106.071.
106.025. Attempt to Purchase Alcohol by a Minor
(a) A minor commits an offense if, with specific intent to commit an offense under Section 106.02 of this code, the minor does an act amounting to more than mere preparation that tends but fails to effect the commission of the offense intended.
(b) An offense under this section is punishable as provided by Section 106.071.
106.03. Sale to Minors
(a) A person commits an offense if with criminal negligence he sells an alcoholic beverage to a minor.
(b) A person who sells a minor an alcoholic beverage does not commit an offense if the minor falsely represents himself to be 21 years old or older by displaying an apparently valid Texas driver's license or an identification card issued by the Texas Department of Public Safety, containing a physical description consistent with his appearance for the purpose of inducing the person to sell him an alcoholic beverage.
(c) An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor.
106.04. Consumption of Alcohol by a Minor
(a) A minor commits an offense if he consumes an alcoholic beverage.
(b) It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under this section that the alcoholic beverage was consumed in the visible presence of the minor's adult parent, guardian, or spouse.
(c) An offense under this section is punishable as provided by Section 106.071.
(d) A minor who commits an offense under this section and who has been previously convicted twice or more of offenses under this section is not eligible for deferred adjudication. For the purposes of this subsection:
(1) an adjudication under Title 3, Family Code, > [FN1] that the minor engaged in conduct described by this section is considered a conviction of an offense under this section; and
(2) an order of deferred adjudication for an offense alleged under this section is considered a conviction of an offense under this section.
106.041. Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol by Minor
(a) A minor commits an offense if the minor operates a motor vehicle in a public place while having any detectable amount of alcohol in the minor's system.
(b) Except as provided by Subsection (c), an offense under this section is a Class C misdemeanor.
(c) If it is shown at the trial of the defendant that the defendant is a minor who is not a child and who has been previously convicted at least twice of an offense under this section, the offense is punishable by:
(1) a fine of not less than $500 or more than $2,000;
(2) confinement in jail for a term not to exceed 180 days; or
(3) both the fine and confinement.
(d) In addition to any fine and any order issued under Section 106.115, the court shall order a minor convicted of an offense under this section to perform community service for:
(1) not less than 20 or more than 40 hours, if the minor has not been previously convicted of an offense under this section; or
(2) not less than 40 or more than 60 hours, if the minor has been previously convicted of an offense under this section.
(e) Community service ordered under this section must be related to education about or prevention of misuse of alcohol.
(f) A minor who commits an offense under this section and who has been previously convicted twice or more of offenses under this section is not eligible for deferred adjudication.
(g) An offense under this section is not a lesser included offense under > Section 49.04, Penal Code.
(h) For the purpose of determining whether a minor has been previously convicted of an offense under this section:
(1) an adjudication under Title 3, Family Code, that the minor engaged in conduct described by this section is considered a conviction under this section; and
(2) an order of deferred adjudication for an offense alleged under this section is considered a conviction of an offense under this section.
(I) A peace officer who is charging a minor with committing an offense under this section is not required to take the minor into custody but may issue a citation to the minor that contains written notice of the time and place the minor must appear before a magistrate, the name and address of the minor charged, and the offense charged.
106.05. Possession of Alcohol by a Minor (MIP)
(a) Except as provided in Subsection (b) of this section, a minor commits an offense if he possesses an alcoholic beverage.
(b) A minor may possess an alcoholic beverage:
(1) while in the course and scope of the minor's employment if the minor is an employee of a licensee or permittee and the employment is not prohibited by this code;
(2) if the minor is in the visible presence of his adult parent, guardian, or spouse, or other adult to whom the minor has been committed by a court; or
(3) if the minor is under the immediate supervision of a commissioned peace officer engaged in enforcing the provisions of this code.
(c) An offense under this section is punishable as provided by Section 106.071.
106.06. Purchase of Alcohol for a Minor; Furnishing Alcohol to a Minor
(a) Except as provided in Subsection (b) of this section, a person commits an offense if he purchases an alcoholic beverage for or gives or with criminal negligence makes available an alcoholic beverage to a minor.
(b) A person may purchase an alcoholic beverage for or give an alcoholic beverage to a minor if he is the minor's adult parent, guardian, or spouse, or an adult in whose custody the minor has been committed by a court, and he is visibly present when the minor possesses or consumes the alcoholic beverage.
(c) An offense under this section is a Class B misdemeanor.
106.07. Misrepresentation of Age by a Minor
(a) A minor commits an offense if he falsely states that he is 21 years of age or older or presents any document that indicates he is 21 years of age or older to a person engaged in selling or serving alcoholic beverages.
(b) An offense under this section is punishable as provided by Section 106.071.
106.071. Punishment for Alcohol-Related Offense by Minor
(a) This section applies to an offense under Section 106.02, 106.025, 106.04, 106.05, or 106.07.
(b) Except as provided by Subsection (c), an offense to which this section applies is a Class C misdemeanor.
(c) If it is shown at the trial of the defendant that the defendant is a minor who is not a child and who has been previously convicted at least twice of an offense to which this section applies, the offense is punishable by:
(1) a fine of not less than $250 or more than $2,000;
(2) confinement in jail for a term not to exceed 180 days; or
(3) both the fine and confinement.
(d) In addition to any fine and any order issued under Section 106.115:
(1) the court shall order a minor convicted of an offense to which this section applies to perform community service for:
(A) not less than eight or more than 12 hours, if the minor has not been previously convicted of an offense to which this section applies; or
(B) not less than 20 or more than 40 hours, if the minor has been previously convicted once of an offense to which this section applies; and
(2) the court shall order the Department of Public Safety to suspend the minor's driver's license or permit or, if the minor does not have a driver's license or permit, to deny the issuance of a driver's license or permit for:
(A) 30 days, if the minor has not been previously convicted of an offense to which this section applies;
(B) 60 days, if the minor has been previously convicted once of an offense to which this section applies; or
(c) 180 days, if the minor has been previously convicted twice or more of an offense to which this section applies.
(e) Community service ordered under this section must be related to education about or prevention of misuse of alcohol.
(f) For the purpose of determining whether a minor has been previously convicted of an offense to which this section applies:
(1) an adjudication under Title 3, Family Code, > [FN1] that the minor engaged in conduct described by this section is considered a conviction under this section; and
(2) an order of deferred adjudication for an offense alleged under this section is considered a conviction of an offense under this section.
106.09. Employment of Minors
(a) Except as provided in Subsections (b) and © of this section, no person may employ a person under 18 years of age to sell, prepare, serve, or otherwise handle liquor, or to assist in doing so.
(b) A holder of a wine only package store permit may employ a person 16 years old or older to work in any capacity.
(c) A holder of a mixed beverage permit may employ a person under 18 years of age to work in any capacity other than the actual selling, preparing, or serving of mixed beverages.
(d) The fact that a person is 18, 19, or 20 years of age is not a ground for refusal of an original or renewal permit or license issued under Chapter 35 or 73 of this code, provided that such a person to whom a permit or license is issued may carry out the activities authorized by those chapters only while in the actual course and scope of the person's employment.
106.115. Attendance at Alcohol Awareness Course; License Suspension
(a) On conviction of a minor of an offense under Section 106.02, 106.025, 106.04, 106.041, 106.05, or 106.07 the court, in addition to assessing a fine as provided by those sections, shall require a defendant who has not been previously convicted of an offense under one of those sections to attend an alcohol awareness program approved by the Texas Commission on Alcohol and Drug Abuse. If the defendant has been previously convicted once or more of an offense under one or more of those sections, the court may require the defendant to attend the alcohol awareness course. If the defendant is younger than 18 years of age, the court may require the parent or guardian of the defendant to attend the program with the defendant
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